Cardinal

The Cardinal Virtues are four fundamental virtues of mind and character that form the cornerstone of classical philosophy and Christian moral theology. The term originates from the Latin word cardo, which means “hinge”. They are called “cardinal” because all other moral virtues hinge or depend upon them.

These virtues originally derive from ancient Greek philosophy, notably outlined by Plato in his Republic and systematically expounded by Aristotle in the Nicomachean Ethics. Later, they were adopted and integrated into Christian theology by thinkers like Ambrose, Augustine, and Thomas Aquinas. The four cardinal virtues are: 1. Prudence (Phronesis / Prudentia)

Definition: The ability to discern the true good in every circumstance and choose the right means of achieving it. It is often referred to as “right reason in action”.

Function: It is the “charioteer of the virtues” because it directs and guides all the other virtues by setting the rules and measures. 2. Justice (Dikaiosyne / Iustitia)